Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that oxidation and degradation of lipids, proteins, organic acids, and amino acids resulted in a wealth of flavor compounds and intermediates. This facilitated the Maillard reaction, which underpinned the distinctive aroma profile of traditional shrimp paste. This work will theoretically underpin the standardization and quality monitoring of flavor profiles in traditional fermented foods.
In various parts of the world, allium's extensive consumption makes it one of the most frequently used spices. Although both Allium cepa and A. sativum are widely cultivated, A. semenovii's presence is noticeably limited to areas of high elevation. A. semenovii's increasing utilization hinges on a comprehensive grasp of its chemo-information and health benefits, relative to the well-examined Allium species. check details The present work examined the differences in metabolome and antioxidant activity across tissue extracts (ethanol, 50% ethanol, and water) from leaves, roots, bulbs, and peels of the three Allium species. The polyphenol content (TPC 16758-022 mg GAE/g and TFC 16486-22 mg QE/g) was pronounced in each sample, and antioxidant activity was higher in A. cepa and A. semenovii than in A. sativum. Targeted polyphenol analysis via UPLC-PDA revealed the highest concentrations in A. cepa (peels, roots, and bulbs) and A. semenovii (leaves). In addition, a comprehensive analysis employing GC-MS and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 43 diversified metabolites, including polyphenols and compounds containing sulfur. The similarities and differences in metabolites of different Allium species were revealed through statistical analysis employing Venn diagrams, heatmaps, stacked charts, PCA, and PCoA on samples of the species. The potential of A. semenovii for food and nutraceutical use is evident, as demonstrated by the current findings.
Caruru (Amaranthus spinosus L) and trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis), introduced into Brazil as NCEPs, are widely utilized by specific communities. Motivated by the lack of data on the carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals present in A. spinosus and C. benghalensis grown in Brazil, this study investigated the proximate composition and micronutrient profile of these two NCEPs from family farms in the Middle Doce River region of Minas Gerais. Using AOAC methods, the proximate composition was analyzed, followed by the determination of vitamin E via HPLC with fluorescence detection, vitamin C and carotenoids through HPLC-DAD, and the measurement of minerals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. check details Examining the leaf composition, A. spinosus leaves demonstrated a high concentration of dietary fiber (1020 g per 100 g), potassium (7088 mg per 100 g), iron (40 mg per 100 g), and -carotene (694 mg per 100 g). Significantly, C. benghalensis leaves presented a higher content of potassium (139931 mg per 100 g), iron (57 mg per 100 g), calcium (163 mg per 100 g), zinc (13 mg per 100 g), ascorbic acid (2361 mg per 100 g), and -carotene (3133 mg per 100 g). In conclusion, C. benghalensis and A. spinosus demonstrated exceptional promise as essential nutritional sources for human consumption, highlighting the existing gap between the technical and scientific information available, thus making them a paramount and essential area for further research.
While the stomach is a key site for milk fat lipolysis, the effects of digested milk fat on the gastric epithelium are surprisingly understudied and difficult to thoroughly evaluate. The study's in vitro approach, utilizing the INFOGEST semi-dynamic digestion model and gastric NCI-N87 cells, was focused on examining how whole fat-free, conventional, and pasture-raised milk impacts the gastric epithelial layer. Quantifications of ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels were performed for membrane fatty acid receptors (GPR41 and GPR84), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), and inflammatory markers (NF-κB p65, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). NCI-N87 cells exposed to milk digesta samples exhibited no significant changes in the mRNA expression of GPR41, GPR84, SOD, GPX, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF- (p > 0.05). CAT mRNA expression exhibited an upward trend, statistically significant (p=0.005). Increased CAT mRNA expression strongly suggests the utilization of milk fatty acids for energy by gastric epithelial cells. Gastric epithelial inflammation, potentially associated with cellular antioxidant responses to higher levels of milk fatty acids, was not exacerbated by external IFN-. Notwithstanding, the method of milk production, conventional or pasture-based, did not impact the effect of whole milk on the NCI-N87 cell layer. The combined model's recognition of milk fat differences showcases its capability for studying the impact of food substances at the gastric level.
To evaluate the efficacy of various freezing technologies, model foods were treated with electrostatic field-assisted freezing (EF), static magnetic field-assisted freezing (MF), and a combined method incorporating both electrostatic and static magnetic fields (EMF). The results indicate that the application of EMF treatment resulted in the most effective modulation of the sample's freezing parameters. A comparative analysis revealed that the phase transition time and total freezing time were reduced by 172% and 105% respectively, in the treated samples in relation to the control. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements demonstrated a significant reduction in the sample's free water content. Consequently, improvements were observed in gel strength and hardness. Protein secondary and tertiary structure integrity was also enhanced. The ice crystal area decreased by 4928%. EMF treatment yielded superior gel structure, as evidenced by both inverted fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, surpassing MF and EF treatments. MF's ability to maintain the quality of frozen gel models was comparatively less potent.
For reasons encompassing lifestyle, health, diet, and sustainability, many consumers are now opting for plant-based milk alternatives. This situation has led to the steady growth in the introduction of new products, including items that are fermented, and those that are not. The purpose of this study was to formulate a plant-based fermented product (comprising soy milk analog, hemp milk analog, or a blend of the two) using strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionic acid bacteria (PAB) and their associated consortia. 104 strains, originating from nine LAB and two PAB species, were screened for their capacity to ferment plant or dairy carbohydrates, acidify goat, soy, and hemp milk analogs, and to hydrolyze the proteins isolated from these three types of milk substitutes. To assess their immunomodulatory properties, strains were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate the secretion of two interleukins, IL-10 and IL-12, by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. By careful consideration, five Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. strains were selected by our team. Amongst the bacterial strains, we find lactis Bioprox1585, Lactobacillus acidophilus Bioprox6307, Lactococcus lactis Bioprox7116, Streptococcus thermophilus CIRM-BIA251, and Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici CIRM-BIA2003. The next step involved assembling them into twenty-six varied bacterial consortia. In vitro testing was performed to evaluate the impact of fermented goat and soy milk analogs, produced using five strains or 26 consortia, on inflammation in human epithelial intestinal cells (HEIC) treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) originating from Escherichia coli. Analogues of dairy milk produced from plant sources, undergoing fermentation through the collaborative efforts of a L.delbrueckii subsp. consortium. lactis Bioprox1585, Lc.lactis Bioprox7116, and A.acidipropionici CIRM-BIA2003 collectively suppressed the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 in HIECs. Such innovative fermented vegetable creations, thus, give us a new way of considering their potential as functional foods aimed at treating gut inflammation.
The intramuscular fat content (IMF), a critical factor affecting meat quality attributes like tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, has been a significant area of research for a considerable period. The hallmark of Chinese local pig breeds is their exquisite meat, reflecting high intramuscular fat levels, a robust circulatory system, and other exceptional qualities. Nevertheless, analyses of meat quality using omics techniques are limited in number. Our research, leveraging metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome data, identified 12 types of fatty acids, 6 types of amino acids, 1262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 140 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), and 169 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) (p < 0.005). It has been determined that the Wnt, PI3K-Akt, Rap1, and Ras signaling pathways showcased an elevated presence of DEGs, DAPs, and DAMs, elements that play a pivotal role in influencing meat quality parameters. Besides, our Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified RapGEF1 as a key gene directly related to IMF content, and this association was then confirmed via RT-qPCR analysis for significant genes. Our research provided both fundamental data and novel insights, in essence, to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pig intramuscular fat content.
Molds in fruits and related products often produce patulin (PAT), a toxin that has been a global cause of frequent food poisoning incidents. Nonetheless, the way in which it can damage the liver is currently unclear. In a single administration (acute model), C57BL/6J mice were given 0, 1, 4, or 16 mg/kg of PAT by intragastric route. For the subacute model, the same mice received daily doses of 0, 50, 200, or 800 g/kg of PAT for two weeks. Histopathological evaluations, combined with aminotransferase activity measurements, indicated substantial liver damage. check details Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, metabolic profiling of the liver in two models demonstrated the differential presence of 43 and 61 metabolites, respectively.